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Cows descended from the same Twin Cities punk scene that yielded underground legends such as Hüsker Dü and the Replacements. And while the latter set the standard for both indie rock anthems and audience-baiting self-sabotage, Cows made reckless and raucous sounds their focal point. “Heave Ho,” a fairly straightforward two-chord punk rocker from their charmingly titled Cunning Stunts doesn’t reinvent punk so much as make it more obnoxious, with vocalist Shannon Selberg trading off between barking verses and an increasingly grating one-note trumpet riff that makes the scratch-heavy guitars sound polished by comparison. It’s a fun song regardless of the band’s agenda to annoy, and proof that even a band with a yen for chaos could write a catchy anthem.

- Mining unit costs decreased from $3.18 to $1.76 per tonne because of increased tonnages being mined following the wet season.

Developments included a lighter tower, replacement of steel feed with stronger and lighter aluminium feed, improvements to the air system, changes to the cooling system and break out table, an improved engine uptake as well as a stronger compressor. Booysen Bore was also influential in the move from cable back to chain feed.

- The continuity of mineralization at the North Kao deposit was confirmed along an 800m strike length, with additional lenses identified to the south east.

Fibre-optic cables can be used to detect earthquakes and other ground movements. The data cables can also pick up seismic signals from hammer shots, passing cars or wave movements in the ocean. This is the result of a study appearing in the journal Nature Communications on July 3 2018. The main authors are Philippe Jousset and Thomas Reinsch from GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. They carried out the investigation together with colleagues from Island, UK, Berlin, Germany, and Potsdam, Germany.

There is some concern about risk-compensation (the tendency to stop using condoms and increase the number of sexual partners) following MC, although in most studies in which men were counseled this was not seen [179, 180]. It has been suggested that neonatal MC may reduce the chances of a change in behavior due to circumcision status, as the male will not perceive any change in risk compared to what might transpire if the circumcision had taken place at an age when he might be sexually active [181].

Atlas Copco Secoroc’s COP 66 hammer and its new platform design represent real innovation in down the hole drilling.

Exploration will continue to be a strong focus in 2019 with a company-wide exploration program of $45-50 million, with approximately 20% expensed, 5% sustaining, and 75% non-sustaining.

How quickly a bit will dull varies on its application. In hard, abrasive rock, an operator can get as little as 200 feet out of a bit — compared to the experience of a top-hammer drill operator in Oklahoma who told Hissem he once got 50,000 feet out of one. How do you know when to change out a bit? Hissem advises doing so when the diameter of the flat area of a worn button on a bit exceeds one third of the base diameter of the button. He compares a flattened button to a pair of flat shoes, which spread the weight of the wearer across the bottom of the shoe. Whereas, a rounded button is like a pair of stiletto high heels, which transfer the weight to the surface in a very small area. The smaller the button area touching the surface, the greater the psi and rock-breaking stress brought to bear upon the rock surface. “You never get 100 percent of the energy applied to the bit into the rock. The best you can get is 95 percent, with 5 percent bouncing back,” he says. The point is, the sharper the bit, the less energy reflection you will get, and the faster the bit will cut the rock.

Huge missing puzzle pieces resided deep below, but without having direct access to much of this, identifying it all has proven to be a deeply difficult task. The best scientists can do is a two-fold plan: firstly, they want to find microbial samples that they can use to approximate overall abundances; secondly, they hope to find proxy measurements; things we can directly measure that betray other pieces of information we can’t, like heat, rock geochemistries, water flow and so on.

Vanessa and her crew scrambled to inspect the earth underneath the rig. She had to deliver the bad news to the treasure-hunting team that the oscillator had to be shut down because the borehole was caving in on itself.

"We want to empower the people in these developing countries," he said. "And they really do come together as a village."